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Researchers identify the high costs of living with sickle cell disease
Potential curative therapies may help reduce the burden, but are also costly.
Americans ages 64 and younger with commercial health insurance who live with sickle cell disease (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sickle-cell-disease) (SCD) pay almost four times more in out-of-pocket medical costs over their lifetimes, a total of
The healthcare spending analysis, which published today in Blood Advances (https://ashpublications.org/bloodadvances/article/doi/10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006281/485129/Lifetime-medical-costs-attributable-to-sickle-cell), underscored the significant financial toll that sickle cell disease, an inherited blood condition (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sickle-cell-disease/causes), has on patients, their families, and the healthcare system.
“Identifying ways to reduce the burden many people living with SCD face is a critical part of coordinated research,” said
To calculate the lifetime out-of-pocket medical costs for men and women living with sickle cell disease, researchers analyzed commercial health insurance claims filed between 2007-2018 by 20,891 people younger than age 65 living with SCD and compared those claims to those filed by 33,588 people of the same age and sex who did not have SCD.
The researchers then adjusted for average life expectancy. The average age of patients with SCD in this review was 25, and the average life expectancy was age 51 for women and age 50 for men. The average life expectancy in this review for people without SCD was age 62 for women and age 60 for men. (The average life expectancy for Americans is 77, according to the
The researchers found that people living with SCD had more medical appointments, more urgent care and emergency medical visits, and more prescriptions, compared to people without the disease. They also had higher out-of-pocket medical costs, which averaged about
These costs, the study found, peak between ages 13-24, a period when many people with SCD transition from pediatric to adult care and may have increased medical visits. This increase, the authors said, could be explained by patients having challenges identifying or connecting with SCD specialists as well as with providers who understand their needs. Research has shown that many patients with SCD experience stigma related to seeking care for pain and may encounter institutional racism, which can result in patients switching providers.
The authors noted that because they limited their review to commercial health insurance, which is used by just one-third of people living with SCD, healthcare costs may vary and be even higher for those using Medicaid, Medicare, or who don’t have insurance.
Another point they shared is that future analyses could benefit by accounting for the indirect costs of living with SCD, including those associated with family caregiving and reduced productivity. Some researchers have estimated that people with SCD lose around
SCD affects 100,000 people in
Current therapies (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sickle-cell-disease/treatment), such as hydroxyurea, L-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxeletor, are used to treat the symptoms of SCD. Blood and bone marrow transplants serve as a curative therapy for many people (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/todays-faces-sickle-cell-disease), but aren’t recommended for everyone. Researchers are currently studying how gene therapy may provide another curative treatment option for SCD. The study foreshadowed future discussions about the costs of cures for the disease as promising, yet expensive, gene therapies and treatments are being studied.
The authors noted that these transformative therapies could greatly reduce current medical costs, many related to the severe complications that come with SCD. But how patients access and pay for them, ultimately will be informed by conversations among policymakers, insurers, and patients.
“We have made exciting scientific advances to help people living with sickle cell disease,” said
NHLBI supported the study, along with the Cure Sickle Cell Disease Initiative (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/science/cure-sickle-cell-initiative), an NHLBI-led research partnership created to identify curative SCD therapies that could be used in clinical research studies between 2023-2028.
To learn more about SCD, visit https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sickle-cell-disease.
About the National Heart, Lung, and
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